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Chinese Text Project

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Chinese Text Project</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital library</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Donald Sturgeon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data">Donald Sturgeon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctext.org/">ctext.org</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commercial</th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration</th><td class="infobox-data">required to contribute</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">2006</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current status</th><td class="infobox-data category">active</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Chinese Text Project</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">中國哲學書電子化計劃</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">中国哲学书电子化计划</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">The Chinese Philosophical Book Digitization Project</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Zhōngguó zhéxué shū diànzǐhuà jìhuà</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

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The Chinese Text Project (CTP; <a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 中國哲學書電子化計劃) is a <a href="Digital_library" title="Digital library">digital library</a> project that assembles collections of <a href="Chinese_classics" title="Chinese classics">early Chinese texts</a>. The name of the project in Chinese literally means "The Chinese Philosophical Book Digitization Project", showing its focus on books related to <a href="Chinese_philosophy" title="Chinese philosophy">Chinese philosophy</a>. It aims at providing accessible and accurate versions of a wide range of texts,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> particularly those relating to Chinese philosophy, and the site is credited with providing one of the most comprehensive and accurate collections of classical Chinese texts on the Internet.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Site_contents">Site contents</h2></div>

Texts are divided into pre-Qin and Han texts, and post-Han texts, with the former categorized by <a href="Hundred_Schools_of_Thought" title="Hundred Schools of Thought">school of thought</a> and the latter by <a href="Dynasties_in_Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasties in Chinese history">dynasty</a>. The ancient (pre-Qin and Han) section of the database contains over 5 million Chinese characters, the post-Han database over 20 million characters, and the publicly editable <a href="Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a> section over 5 billion characters.<a href="#cite_note-ctext.org-4">[4]</a> Many texts also have English and Chinese translations, which are paired with the original text paragraph by paragraph as well as phrase by phrase for ease of comparison; this makes it possible for the system to be used as a useful scholarly research tool even by students with little or no knowledge of Chinese.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

As well as providing customized search functionality suited to Chinese texts,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> the site also attempts to make use of the unique format of the web to offer a range of features relevant to <a href="Sinology" title="Sinology">sinologists</a>, including an integrated dictionary, word lists, parallel passage information,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> scanned source texts, concordance and index data,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> a metadata system, Chinese commentary display,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> a published resources database, and a discussion forum in which threads can be linked to specific data on the site.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The "Library" section of the site also includes scanned copies of over 25 million pages of early Chinese texts,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-ctext.org-4">[4]</a> linked line by line to transcriptions in the full-text database, many created using Optical Character Recognition,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> and edited and maintained using an online crowd-sourcing wiki system.<a href="#cite_note-cpi-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Textual data and metadata can also be exported using an <a href="Application_Programming_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application Programming Interface">Application Programming Interface</a>, allowing integration with other online tools as well as use in <a href="Text_mining" title="Text mining">text mining</a> and <a href="Digital_humanities" title="Digital humanities">digital humanities</a> projects.<a href="#cite_note-cpi-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFElman" class="citation web cs1">Elman, Benjamin A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160805002614/https://www.princeton.edu/chinese-historiography/electronic-resources/databases-electronic-text/">"Classical Historiography for Chinese History: Databases & electronic texts"</a>. Princeton University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.princeton.edu/chinese-historiography/electronic-resources/databases-electronic-text/">the original</a> on August 5, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2016.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225233421/http://www.acpa-net.org/scholarship.html">"Association of Chinese Philosophers in North America (北美中国哲学学者协会)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acpa-net.org/scholarship.html">the original</a> on 2010-12-25. Retrieved 2010-09-25.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cjfraser.net/links/">"Links"</a>. Chris Fraser 方克濤. Retrieved 2024-06-13.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-ctext.org-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ctext.org_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ctext.org_4-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctext.org/system-statistics">"System Statistics - Chinese Text Project"</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFConnolly2012" class="citation journal cs1">Connolly, Tim (2012). "Learning Chinese Philosophy with Commentaries". Teaching Philosophy. 35 (1). Philosophy Documentation Center: 1–18. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5840%2Fteachphil20123511">10.5840/teachphil20123511</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ctext.org/instructions/advanced-search">"Instructions : Advanced search - Chinese Text Project"</a>. ctext.org.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctext.org/faq/normalization">"Frequently Asked Questions : Normalization - Chinese Text Project"</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSturgeon2017" class="citation journal cs1">Sturgeon, Donald (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsturgeon.net/text-reuse-chinese-literature/">"Unsupervised identification of text reuse in early Chinese literature"</a>. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities. Oxford University Press. Retrieved November 21, 2017.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFXu2015" class="citation journal cs1">Xu, Jiajin (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fcld.6.2.06xu">"Corpus-based Chinese studies: A historical review from the 1920s to the present"</a>. Chinese Language and Discourse. 6 (2). John Benjamins Publishing Company: 218–244. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fcld.6.2.06xu">10.1075/cld.6.2.06xu</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAdkins2016" class="citation journal cs1">Adkins, Martha A. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.31046%2Ftl.v9i2.435">"Web Review: Online Resources for the Study of Chinese Religion and Philosophy"</a>. Theological Librarianship. 9 (2). American Theological Library Association: 5–8. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.31046%2Ftl.v9i2.435">10.31046/tl.v9i2.435</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dissertationreviews.org/archives-and-activism-in-hispaniola/">"Archives and Activism in Hispaniola – dr"</a>. dissertationreviews.org. Retrieved 2024-06-13.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctext.org/introduction">"Introduction - Chinese Text Project"</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ctext.org/library.pl?if=en">"Library - Chinese Text Project"</a>. ctext.org.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSturgeon2017" class="citation conference cs1">Sturgeon, Donald (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aaai.org/ocs/index.php/FLAIRS/FLAIRS17/paper/view/15490/15011">Unsupervised Extraction of Training Data for Pre-Modern Chinese OCR</a>. The Thirtieth International Flairs Conference. AAAI. Retrieved November 21, 2017.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-cpi-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cpi_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cpi_15-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052837/https://cpianalysis.org/2016/06/08/crowdsourcing-apis-and-a-digital-library-of-chinese/">"Crowdsourcing, APIs, and a Digital Library of Chinese – China Policy Institute: Analysis"</a>. cpianalysis.org. 2016-06-08. Archived from the original on 2017-03-20. Retrieved 2024-06-13.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ctext.org/instructions/ocr">"Instructions : OCR - Chinese Text Project"</a>. ctext.org.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctext.org/tools/api">"Tools : API - Chinese Text Project"</a>.</cite>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctext.org">Chinese Text Project</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctext.org/zh">中國哲學書電子化計劃</a> (in Chinese)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328052317/https://site.douban.com/137325/">Chinese Text Project</a> at <a href="Douban" title="Douban">Douban</a> (in Chinese)</li></ul>

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